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[原创]从一道GMAT的逻辑看出去

[日期:2004-10-31] 来源:ChaseDream论坛 作者:庄子 [字体: ]

The Official guard for GMAT   page 545   174

In 1987 sinusitis was the most common chronic medical condition in the United States, followed by arthritis and high blood pressure, in that order.

The incidence rates for both arthritis and high blood pressure increase with age, but the incidence rate for sinusitis is the same for people of all ages.

The average of the United States population will increase between 1987 and 2000.

Which of the following conclusions can be most properly drawn about chronic medical conditions in the United States from the information given above?

(A) Sinusitis will be more common than either arthritis or high blood pressure in 2000.
(B) Arthritis will be the most common chronic medical condition in 2000.
(C) The average age of people suffering from sinusitis will increase between 1987 and 2000.
(D) Fewer people will suffer from sinusitis in 2000 than suffered from it in 1987.
(E) A majority of the population will suffer from at least one of the medical conditions mentioned above by the year 2000.

庄子分析讲解:
术语定义:一道题目的构成有以下三个部分
1 题干的陈述  包括
01 事实的陈述
02 结论部分 (如果没有结论部分,则题目为归纳类型,否则为支持或攻破类型)
2 题干的指令:主要的用词有:weaken / support / explain / assumption /
3 选项
01 正确的选项
02 错误的选项

很多读者可能感觉到我把题目的选项分成为错误的选项和正确的选项十分滑稽,他们也许发问:“我要是知道哪个是正确的和错误的,还要你来教吗?”这个问句实际上说明你一眼看不出正确的选项。而我的教学的目的就是让你在读完题后,大致判断出正确选项的特征。

读题的顺序:
01 首先读题干中的指令部分。
02 然后阅读题干,接着分析题干——就是根据题干的信息进行分类处理,找出其中作为推理的小前提的事实,事件,或者调查的数据,而且考生务必注意其中事件的时间和地点(就是概念的外延始终要保持一致,一旦出现概念的外延变化,或者整个概念的内涵变化,那么中间必然存在逻辑的分析);下一步是找出题干中那些表达因果关系的过渡词或者术语(比如,therefore, clearly, we can thus conclude that…, in order to, we should therefore,等等),最后对题目的结构整理:小前提和结论两个 部分

现在我们来分析这个174题。

题目的分析处理:

题干分成十分清晰的四个句子。
先阅读指令:

Which of the following conclusions can be most properly drawn about chronic medical conditions in the United States from the information given above?

当你阅读到这个指令的时候, 你必须准确地判断出这个题目是“归纳”, 注意我没有把它叫做“推断”, 因为根本不需要“推”。这个题目要你根据所提供的信息进行归纳,因为你必须知道,要做出任何的结论(conclusion)至少要求大前提,小前提,但是题目中不会告诉你哪个是大前提呢?看题目:

In 1987 sinusitis was the most common chronic medical condition in the United States, followed by arthritis and high blood pressure, in that order.

The incidence rates for both arthritis and high blood pressure increase with age, but the incidence rate for sinusitis is the same for people of all ages.

The average of the United States population will increase between 1987 and 2000.

第一个句子是陈述的一个事实,时间在1987。这个时间是题目中陈述的事实成立的基础。如果时间改变,就可能导致整个事实的变化,那么这个事实是什么,和解题没有关系,所以记做:
1987 S >A>H

第二个句子陈述A和H随着年龄改变的变化,但是S的发病率却不受到年龄的变化。请你必须理解年龄实际是时间,就和1987 这个概念联系起来了,现在不妨用一个示意图表达变化的关系,横轴为时间(年龄),纵轴为发病率:

第三句的唯一功能是说时间的变化的确是存在的。

到此,题目叙述完毕,请问你能得到什么结论呢?你可以得到三个结论,分别是关于A,H,和S的发病率和年龄的关系。

结论一: 选项C:
The average age of people suffering from sinusitis will increase between 1987 and 2000.

原文引自:
https://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=24&ID=7174

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