- Self-introduce.
- Learn from failure.
- 小组成员相处不好，作为 leader 会说什么？
- Hobby pursue to a high level.
- 学生会竞选如何劝别人支持自己？
- Coffee demand horizontal 咖啡价格升高，需求量会怎么变化？
自己这么渣的 BG 能收到面试也是非常惊喜了，也算是申请季第一个好消息吧，但是因为实习与申请等事情导致只准备了 4 天，这几天晚睡早起不吃饭地背面经，虽然希望还是渺茫，中途自己也想过要放弃，但是想了想这是我距离自己梦想最近的一次了，无论结果如何，还是不想让自己留下遗憾吧。也希望大家都能坚持！
PS：面试体验还可以。一分钟真的很短，感觉没讲几句话就要结束了，几道题都没结好尾。不过整体下来还算顺利，都有准备到，虽然磕磕巴巴，但一直都看着摄像头说，没有投机取巧！
PPS: 题库真的非常大，建议大家时间如果不够的话还是重点搜集最近 1-2 个月的常考题好好准备，最近的题还是都差不多的（例如专业题的 coffee demand），个人觉得之前相隔太久的就没必要看了（血泪教训）。
希望大家都能有想要的 offer! 分享两个自己整理的写作题和 ESB 专业题攒攒人品给大家参考（虽然也不一定对），人事已尽，只听天命!
- Whether or not domestic companies will be affected by fluctuation in exchange rate?汇率波动会影响国内企业吗？
Yes. If the domestic company needs to import inputs, then an appreciate in your own currency will make your import inputs cheaper and therefore be good for your company; a depreciate in your own currency can make your import inputs be more expensive, which is a negative effect to your own business. - Inflation and deflation and why do politicians and economists do not like deflation?通胀、紧缩
If the government increase the money supply to fulfill the demand surplus in money, then the value of money will decline, indicating that the purchasing power of money decreases, this is inflation; On the contrary, deflation is a unit of money worth more than before, indicating that the money will be more valuable. The reason they politicians and economists do not like deflation is that deflation is dangerous because the existed debt will be cost more, the producer has to sell more product to payback the debt, which slows down the economy and increase the risk. - What is your understanding with the price discrimination?价格歧视
Price discrimination is selling same products at different markets at different prices. Price discrimination tends to be used by producers who have significant market power, they can sell one product in higher price in one market and sell the same product in another market at a lower price to maximize their profit. There are many examples for price discrimination, and the most typical one is movie tickets. For example, we have student tickets and adult tickets. We also have normal tickets and VIP tickets. The movie services are all the same, but the prices are different for different groups of consumers. - How does one tell if a company has market power?市场力
Market power refers to the ability of a seller or buyer to affect the price of a commodity.
Market power is a relatively common phenomenon of market failure, it can make the market unable to allocate resources efficiently. If a company has market power, it means that it can be a price maker and make it more profitable.
The manifestations of market forces are mainly industrial monopolies, natural monopolies, monopolistic competition, and production alliances.
Take China's communications industry as an example. We have three giant companies, China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom, so they have market power in the market. -
Barrier to entry and give an example.
Barrier to entry is the producers who have high market power use their lower production cost, patent, favorable policies, and unique services to make one market hard to entry for new firms.
An example could be for automobile producers, like Toyota. Because they have a high economy of scale, they can lower their price by cutting down the production cost.
Therefore, it will be a barrier because the new firms with high production cost can never win the price competition against Toyota in the car market. -
Buy side and sell side ‘s difference 的区别？
In the world of finance, The Buy side mainly refers to companies engaged in asset management and investment. A buy-side business will purchase stocks, securities, and other financial products based on the needs and strategy of their companies.
The sell-side refers to the part of the financial industry that involves in the creation, promotion, and sale of stocks, bonds, foreign exchange, and other financial instruments. Sell-side individuals and firms work to create services and products for the buy-side of the financial industry. -
How do you calculate a new product’s market demand?计算市场需求
First, determine the total number of target markets, and estimate the number of total consumers in each target market. Add up the number to calculate the total number of consumers in the market.
Second, estimate the consumers purchase tendency by doing investigation or interview.
Then, take consumer’s budget into considerations and calculate the budget index.
The market demand equals equals to the result of multiplying the three factors. -
Quantitative easing (QE):量化宽松
Quantitative easing is an expansionary monetary policy.
It means that a central bank purchases government securities or other securities from the market in order to increase the money supply and encourage lending and investment.
QE is usually used when interest rates are approaching 0 percent. Monetary authorities will only take this extreme approach if conventional tools such as interest rates are no longer effective. -
Market structure:市场结构
There are four kinds of market structure.
1.In perfect competition market structure, there are identical products, low barriers to entry, and a perfectly elastic demand curve.
2.In Monopolistic competition market structure, many manufacturers produce and sell similar but heterogeneous commodities.
3.Oligopoly market is run by a small number of firms that control the majority of the market share.
4.In Monopoly there is only one provider of a product or service. -
What is ownership or property right?产权
Ownership is the state or fact of exclusive rights and control over property, which may be an object, such as real estate or intellectual property.
Property right refers to the eligibility of using the thing for production and using the thing for making profit.
It is illegal for other parties to use the same thing to generate profit if they are not permitted by the property right owner. -
Demand curve:需求曲线
Demand curve depicts an inverse relationship between price and quantity, which means if price increase, quantity demanded drops; if price decreases, quantity demanded increases.
But if the demand curve is vertical, it indicates that no matter what price it charges, the quantity demanded will be the same.
If the demand curve is horizontal, it means that given a certain price, the quantity demanded will be infinite. All the goods produced may be purchased. 如果咖啡的 demand curve 是垂直的，你觉得人们买咖啡的需求会增加和减少吗？Explain briefly.
咖啡需求是 horizontal，你改变消费者的 respond. If the demand curve of coffee market is horizontal, it indicates that given a certain price, the quantity demanded is infinitive. All the goods produced will be purchased.
In other words, it means a perfectly competition market. In this market, because all of the good are identical and they have the same price. If the price increases in a company, the consumers will buy coffee in other companies in a lower price, so the quantity demanded will be zero.
If the demand curve is vertical, it means that no matter how price changes, the quantity demanded will always be the same. In other words, the market structure is monopoly.
Assuming that there is only one company in the coffee market, then the consumer still has to purchase the coffee if they want to drink, even the price is increasing.
Therefore, as the price increase, the quantity demanded will not change. -
为什么 innovation 不一定会提高 firm productivity?
In my opinion, innovation have multiple effect on firm productivity. On one hand, innovation can improve our working efficiency and increase productivity, especially for the innovation in artificial intelligence and big data analysis.
On the other hand, innovation needs a huge investment and human resource inputs, so the capital inputs into the production will decrease. Take the economy of scale into consideration, the final productivity will decrease.
The benefits of these two effects depends on the company, so we cannot make a conclusion. -
Imagine that you would like to open a small ice-cream shop, and know that up-front start-up costs are 50,000 pounds. You also know that every year the business will generate about 20,000 pounds in profits. How would you decide whether your business idea is financially viable?
Start-up cost 50000 pounds are the fixed cost to the ice-cream shop. And 20000 pound profit means that considering the variable costs every year, so it can still make 20000 pound profit.
As the revenue is able to cover the variable cost, the project can have a positive NPV if it has a lifetime over 3 years.
If we don not take the opportunity cost into consideration, the business is financially viable. -
If the central bank has cut off interest rate, what impacts will bring about?央行降低利率
If the interest rate reduced, the cost of borrowing will decrease and money demand will increase, so there will be more production and more start-up companies in this country and the employment will be better, but it will speed up the economy and then cause inflation.
Also, lower interest rate means the return on investment project will decrease, which will also decrease the attractiveness for domestic projects in the eyes of foreign investors. As a result, there is fewer capital inflows, making the currency depreciated. -
Tax incidence 税负归宿
Tax incidence is an economic term for the division of a tax burden between buyers and sellers. The tax incidence is the final point of the tax burden, which shows who will bear the entire tax burden finally.
When supply is more elastic than demand, the tax burden falls on the consumers. Because consumers are not sensitive to the price changes compared with producers, and will continue to buy goods or services even there is a rise in the price. -
如果你领导一个项目资金使用完了，如何劝说投资者继续投你的项目？
In view of the previous cooperation, I believe that investors already have a certain understanding and confidence in my project.
I will inform the investors of the progress we made during recent years, and also explain potential benefits of the project.
In a sincere manner, I will explain to investors how crucial their reinvestment means to this project and to me. In the same time, I will express my appreciation. -
CPI
CPI measures changes in the price level of a set of goods and services purchased by households.
The annual percentage change in a CPI is used as a measure of inflation. For example. the rise of CPI means that consumer prices are rising and there may be an inflation. And it leads to currency depreciation, which ultimately reduces purchasing power. -
Comparative advantage & competitive advantage.
Competitive advantages are conditions that allow a company to produce a good or service at a lower cost or in a better quality. These conditions allow the company to generate more sales compared to its rivals.
Comparative advantage is the concept of one nation have a better resource compared with another country. For example, Australia has a better livestock growing environment compared to China, so the quality of beef produced in Australia is very good, and the export prices are higher. -
Difference between retail banking and corporate banking/ wholesale banking.
Retail banking is the commercial bank opening for the public, it involves making check account and saving account. It also provides services to public by granting loans for mortgage or production purposes.
Corporate banking and wholesale banking are more about investment banks and large commercial banks, it helps large firms and corporations underwriting bonds and stocks in the primary market, it also can help large companies in merging other firms.
写一个实习结束感谢信(thanks and farewell letter)：
Dear Mr. Smith, (To whom it may concern,)
I am Morris, and I have served as an intern in your company for the last two months. I am writing this letter to deliver my warm thanks to you.
For me, the two-month internship was valuable and priceless. It helped me to put the theoretical professional knowledge into practice and deepened my understanding of consulting.
In addition, here I met excellent and sweet colleagues. I will take advantage of what I have learnt from this experience and take effort to improve my professionalism.
I hope to have the chance to apply for a full-time position and contribute to your company after graduation. My education and relevant experiences will equip me with the qualities you are looking for.
Best Regards,
Morris
取消会面安排的回信(reschedule coffee tea):
Dear Mr. Smith, (To whom it may concern,)
This is Morris. I am sorry to hear that you have to cancel the meeting, but I still would like to make an appointment with you for meeting later. How about at 10 a.m., 12 March, 2020?
The high-standard services offered to the clients and enterprises have impressed me a lot, hence, I with to have the opportunity to join such an excellent team in a world-recognized consulting firm.
I am told that you are looking for people to enlarge your market. I will take full advantage of my education and relevant experience, as well as my communication and teamwork skills to contribute to the growth and development of your company.
Thank you very much and look forward to hearing from you soonest.
Best Regards,
Morris
一个你不熟的同学在一个你很想去的公司工作，如何让校友(CEO 朋友)为你引荐到这个公司？
Dear Smith, (To whom it may concern,)
I am Morris, one of your alumni(classmate) from Imperial College. I found your contact information from the LinkedIn and it is very nice to have the chance to write to you.
It is very great to find that you are working in the Strategy Consulting Department of the company, where I have a strong interest in joining in.
I am told that the company is looking for people to enlarge its market. Therefore, I am writing this letter to seek for your help. It will be highly appreciated if you are able to write a recommendation letter for me. My CV is attached for your reference.
Thank you very much in advance and wish to have the chance to work together with you. Look forward to hearing from you soonest.
Yours sincerely,
Morris
通过教授求职(让校友推荐你去她的公司) One of your university professors sits on a charity board with a senior executive of a company you would like to work for. In around 250 words draft an email to your professor to try to arrange an introduction.
Dear Prof. James,
This is Morris, one of your students from Imperial College. I am very happy to write to you.
It is very great to find that you are working with Mr. Gordon, the senior executive of my target consulting company in the charity board.
I am deeply impressed by the high-quality services and the good reputation of the company. In addition, I am told that the company is looking for people to enlarge its market.
Therefore, I am writing this letter to seek for your help. It will be highly appreciated if you are able to write a recommendation letter and arrange an introduction for me. My CV is attached for your reference.
Thank you very much in advance. Look forward to hearing from you soonest.
Yours sincerely,
Morris
社交项目遇到了学姐，怎么 keep in touch/想认识校友，怎么 email 介绍自己，并约谈项目？
Dear Miss. Zhang,
It was very nice to meet you at the community yesterday.
I am Morris studying in Imperial College, and I also come from Guangdong, China. I was very impressed by your insights of the consulting industry.
I think it’s very hard to find an internship in London, especially for us Chinese. Since we have the same career goal, I want to have deeper communication with you. Therefore, I am writing to consult you about the methods to find an internship in a top-tier consulting firm, and we can discuss more about our living environment and our plan after graduation.
It will be high appreciated if you are able to give me a chance to have a coffee with me at any time of next week.
Thank you very much and look forward to hearing from you.
Best Regards,
Morris
在 Career Fairs 上见过一个 recruiter,写 follow-up letter 想进他们公司？
Dear Mr. Smith, (To whom it may concern,)
This is Morris. It was very nice to meet you at the career fair yesterday.
The high-standard services offered to the clients and enterprises and your insights about the consulting industry have impressed me a lot. Therefore, I hope to have the chance to join your company and apply for the position of associate.
I believe that my education background and relevant experience, as well as my strong communication and teamwork skills will equip me with qualities that the company is looking for.
I have sent you my resume via the internet last night and hope that you have received it. It will be highly appreciated if an interview can be arranged in the coming days.
Should you have the further question about me, please feel free to contact me.
Best Regards,
Morris
想约一个公司的 HR 喝咖啡，如何写信？（被 mentor 引荐后邀请 CEO 喝咖啡）
Dear Mr. Smith, (To whom it may concern,)
This is Morris. My mentor Professor James introduced me to you before. It is very nice to have the chance to write to you.
I’ve known your company well from the internet. I was impressed by the high-quality services of your company and the good reputation in the industry.
In addition, the company is looking for people who come up with strong communication, logical thinking, and teamwork skills. Therefore, I would like to have the chance to work in the company, My CV is attached for your reference.
It will be high appreciated if you are able to give me a chance to be interviewed for the consulting position. Please let me know if you have a time to have a coffee with me at any time of next week. Thank you very much.
Best Regards,
Morris
收到理想公司实习的 offer.(offer 感谢信)
Dear Mr. Smith, (To whom it may concern,)
I am Morris, an intern applicant in your company. It’s very honorable to have this internship opportunity in your company and to work with such a creative and dynamic team. I cannot wait to start the internship now.
I do believe that this is also a good chance to put theoretical knowledge into practice and help me to get deeper understanding of consulting. I will take advantage of what I learnt in college into work and will try my best to contribute for the growth and development of the company.
To get familiar with the daily work as soon as possible, would you mind to give me some advice on what should I do to prepare for this internship?
Thank you again for this wonderful opportunity and look forward to meeting you.
Best Regards,
Morris
劝说同学选你加入 student council.
Dear Smith, (To whom it may concern,)
Hello! I am Morris. Recently, I am considering joining the student council so as to provide better service to you and other students in the college. Therefore, I am writing this letter to seek your support for me.
Since the first year in the college, I have been a positive advocate for our students. I not only help students to improve their residential conditions, but also try my best to stick to the principal of justice and transparency in the process of class election and activity expenditures.
If I am selected, I will transfer students’ problems, comments or suggestions in connection with the school to the administration team of the school timely. Every student should have the right to involve in the management of college. I will be grateful if you could vote for me.
Best Regards,
Morris
写信挽留第二志愿，想等等第一志愿 offer.
Dear HR, (To whom it may concern,)
Hi, this is Morris and I am an applicant for the position Business Analyst (Application no. 38698)
Thank you for your email and thank you very much for your offer letter. I am glad to have the chance to work with you and this is the best present for me.
Ever since I was a freshman in the college, you are one of my target potential employers all the time. However, the start of my career is an important thing and I am a considerate person.
Therefore, it will be grateful if you can extend the offer acceptance deadline for me about one week, so that I can do more research and analysis about the opportunity.
Thank you very much in advance and wait for your prompt reply.
Best Regards,
Morris
实习结束感谢信，但对自己表现不满意。
Dear Mr. Smith, (To whom it may concern,)
This is Morris. Thank you very much for providing me with two-month internship in the company.
For me, the two-month internship was very valuable. I not only put the theoretical professional knowledge into practice and deepened my understanding of consulting, but also found out the ability and knowledge that I should improve.
Thank you so much for your professional advice on pointing out some mistakes I have make in work and giving help to correct them. I will learn and improve my shortcomings and I am sure that day by day, these shortcomings will become my advantages in future.
I will miss the people and work life over the past two months and sincerely hope to have the chance to apply for a full-time position after graduation.
Thank you again for giving this opportunity.
Best Regards,
Morris
收到理想公司申请的拒信。
Dear Mr. Smith, (To whom it may concern,)
This is Morris. Thank you very much for your email.
Although my application for an internship wad rejected, it made me realized I still have a long way to go. I did learn a lot in the process of preparing and attending the interviews. Therefore, I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to you and your colleagues.
The high-standard services offered to the clients and enterprises have a deep impression on me. Therefore, even though I was not successful this time, it is not the end of my trip to your company. The interviews made me more aware about your requirements and they are the directions that I should go forward.
Thank you again for your time and look forward to meeting you in the next year’s internship recruitment.
Best Regards,
Morris
介绍 Hub.
Hello guys, I am Morris. I am here to introduce the Hub in Imperial College Business School.
The Hub is a learning platform developed by Imperial College Business School to deliver a high-quality learning experience to all its students. The Hub is used to deliver online modules as part of the BPES program, with the aim of offering a flexible, high-quality, rigorous learning experience.
By combining studies in other department with modules delivered by the Business School, we can learn a powerful array of skills that will give us the flexibility to alter the direction of our career in response to changes in the workplace environment.
If you are interested, you can know more in the Hub demo, which allows us to experience a taster of how the platform works and try a selection of our online modules.
Let’s meet in the Hub!
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原文引自：
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1363648-1-1.html
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