Part I: Analysis of Issue: Structure and Template
Structure is the most important part of your essay. Your essay must be written in a standard format with the standard logical transitions. The E-rater will scan your essay to identify if it has a standard structure.
· Introduction/Conclusion- These elements will provide the structure for your essay and keep you on track.
· Number of Paragraphs. To satisfy the E-rater, your essay should be 4 to 5 paragraphs: an introduction, a conclusion, and three "body" paragraphs. Each paragraph should have 2 to 5 sentences (total essay about 300-400 words).
Note: You should skip a line between paragraphs since the TAB key does not function in the essay section.
Essay Template
The template is just a guideline. You do not have to adhere to it. Often you will have to make
changes to suit your argument.
· The numbers of sentences indicated for each paragraph is a guideline that varies depending on
how much content you have.
· The transitional phrases we use in the Template are intentionally simplistic. This is not a
simple approach where you can "fill-in-the-blanks." Flesh out the template somewhat and use it as a
guideline to write a disciplined and focused essay.
Template
1) Introductory Paragraph (2-4 sentences)
Make sure to keep your introductory paragraph concise, strong and effective.
What the introductory paragraph should accomplish:
· Explain the issue (briefly).
· Show that you understand the full complexities of the issue (for example, by recognizing
competing interests or various factors).
· State your position on the issue (without the details yet).
Sample template for introductory paragraph (2 sentences):
a) Whether ________________________ depends on _____________________.
b) (insert your opinion), __________________________.
2) First Body Paragraph (3-5 sentences)
Begin to develop your position with your most important reason. Use one or two examples to back up
your main point:
a) The chief reason for my view is ___________________________________.
b) For example, ____________________________________.
c) Moreover, ______________________________.
d) Finally, ________________________.
3) Second Body Paragraph
Expand your position with a "secondary" reason. Support your rationale further with at least one
example.
· State your second reason (one only).
· Provide rationale and/or evidence to support it.
Here's a sample template for the second body paragraph that accomplishes these objectives:
a) Another reason for my view is_____________________________.
b) Specifically,________________.
c) The result is,__________________.
4) Optional Third Body Paragraph
In this paragraph (optional) you acknowledge a competing viewpoint or counter-argument (and
rationale and/or examples that support it), and then provide rebuttals to further support your
position. In this paragraph you walk a tightrope, you must acknowledge the counter-argument, but
yet deny it immediately in the next sentence and use that denial to strengthen your own argument.
· Acknowledge a different viewpoint or a counter-argument.
· Provide rationale and/or examples that support it.
· Provide a rebuttal.
Here's a sample template for the third body paragraph that accomplishes the objectives indicated
above:
a) Some might argue,_____________________________.
b) Yet,____________________
c) Others might cite, __________________.
d) However,_____________________.
5) Conclusion Paragraph
In this paragraph you write a summary of your position in 1 to 3 sentences:
· State the thrust of your position.
· Restate the main points from the body of your essay.
The concluding paragraph is not the place for new information or reasons. It is not a place to draw
new conclusions.
a) In sum, I concur that ________________________.
b) However,_________________; on the whole______________.
待续。。。
作文 5.5 应用之模板（二）
作者：cutecut 发表于：2001-12-02 23:22:49
点击：56次 回复：0篇 鼓掌：1次 棒喝：0次
承接上贴的“立论”文模板，下边是“驳论”文模板。注意，模板可以按照自己的写作习惯和优势劣势进行调整
。我当初在考试的时候就做了些调整，这样写起来顺手，自信也就更足了。记得写Analysis of issue的时候，至
少举两个例子，或编或吹不足为怪，当然不能吹得过于离谱而露出马脚啦，呵呵 ：）
Part II: Analysis of Argument: Structure and Template
TEMPLATE
As with the Issue essay, there is no single "correct," way to organize an Argument essay. In our
view, however, your essay should include separate "introduction" and "conclusion" paragraphs, as
well as at least two "body" paragraphs in which you develop your critique of the stated argument.
The following template spells out this structure in more detail, and each of the sample Analysis of
Argument essays in this book follow this basic pattern.
You do not have to adhere strictly to this format in order to write an effective Argument essay.
You may find that some other form works better for you, especially for the body of your essay.
Also, the numbers of sentences indicated for each paragraph here are merely suggestions or
guidelines, not hard-and-fast rules.
(Note: The transitional phrases used here are purposely simplistic; do not simply "parrot" them
word-for-word in your essay or adopt a mechanistic fill-in the blank approach. If you do, your
essay might appear stilted or contrived.)
Introductory Paragraph (2-4 sentences)
Try to accomplish three goals in your introductory paragraph:
· Briefly restate the argument.
· Briefly trace the argument's line of reasoning.
· Indicate the extent to which the argument is logically convincing.
· If possible, sum up your arguments in one sentence (or two brief sentences).
Here's a sample template for the first paragraph that accomplishes these goals:
The author concludes that____________, because ________. The author's line of reasoning is that
______________. This argument is unconvincing for several reasons; it is____________ and it uses
_____________.
First Body Paragraph (3-5 sentences)
In the first body paragraph your goal is to critique one of the following:
· The reasoning of the argument
· One of the premises of the argument
· One of the assumptions of the argument
Here's a sample template for this paragraph that accomplishes this goal:
First of all, ____________________________ is based upon the questionable assumption
________________________________. That _______________,
however, _________________. Moreover, ________________________.
Second Body Paragraph (3-4 sentences)
The purpose of the second paragraph is to address one of the following:
· The reasoning of the argument
· One of the premises of the argument
· One of the assumptions of the argument
Here's a sample template for this paragraph that accomplishes this goal:
Secondly, the author assumes that_________________________.
However, __________________________. It seems equally reasonable to assume that
____________________.
Third (and optional Fourth) Body Paragraph
In this paragraph your goal is to critique one of the following:
· The reasoning of the argument
· One of the premises of the argument
· One of the assumptions of the argument
Here's a sample template for this paragraph that accomplishes this goal:
Finally, _______________________________________. The author fails to consider
__________________________________. For example, __________________. Because the author's argument
_________________.
Final Paragraph (2-3 sentences)
In the final paragraph your goals are to:
· Summarize your critique of the argument
· State the main point of your essay
The final paragraph is not the placer to introduce new arguments or issues. Sample template:
In sum, I agree that______________________. However, ____________________; on balance,
_____________________.
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