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关于逻辑中数量范围的问题

[日期:2005-02-23] 来源:ChaseDream论坛 作者:lawyer_1 [字体: ]

--  作者:lawyer_1
--  发布时间:2004-9-19

--  关于逻辑中数量范围的问题

数量的范围是逻辑题常考,特别是MUST BE问题,混淆答案也常来于此。下面一题是LSAT,先讨论,后再公布答案及解释。(VALARIE说得对,纪念完了,我们要更加努力去学习)

 

The importance of the ozone layer to terrestrial animals is that it entirely filters out some wavelengths of light but lets others through. Holes in the ozone layer and the dangers associated with these holes are well documented. However, one danger that has not been given sufficient attention is that these holes could lead to severe eye damage for animals of many species.

 

Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the statements above, if they are true.

 

A). All wavelengths of sunlight that can cause eye damage are filtered out by the ozone layer where it is intact.

 

B). Few species of animals live on a part of the earth\'s surface that is not threatened by holes in the ozone layer

 

C). Some species of animals have eyes that will not suffer any damage when exposed to unfiltered sunlight

 

D). A single wavelength of sunlight can cause severe damage to the eyes of most species of animals

 

E). Some wavelengths of sunlight that cause eye damage are more likely to reach the earth\'s surface where there are holes in the ozone layer than where there are not, 

 

 


[此贴子已经被作者于2005-2-22 10:07:53编辑过]
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--  作者:paopao
--  发布时间:2004-9-19 0:07:00

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B
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--  作者:cranberry
--  发布时间:2004-9-19 0:38:00

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e
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--  作者:lawyer_1
--  发布时间:2004-9-19 19:23:00

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大家对这个问题不感兴趣。顶一下
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--  作者:流沙
--  发布时间:2004-9-19 19:46:00

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选e。b中“Few species of animals live on a part of the earth\'s surface that is not threatened by holes in the ozone layer”太绝对了。

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--  作者:深海的小美人鱼
--  发布时间:2004-9-20 1:20:00

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E
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--  作者:horsefish
--  发布时间:2004-9-20 5:07:00

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这个题目对我来说太难, 偶就是GMAT-OG水平, 就不费力气找答案了.. 等着答案出来偷艺
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--  作者:ztlbox
--  发布时间:2004-9-20 6:40:00

-- 
e,
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--  作者:leeon
--  发布时间:2004-9-20 9:16:00

-- 

lawer又来出题考偶们了;

偶也选E;

A中的all wavelengths 错;

B中信息推不出,举个例子,原文说对许多动物造成严重伤害,(对其它动物造成轻微伤害。)B便错误。

C中的信息suffer any damage错,原文说的是severe eye damage ,这里的not suffer any damage推不出。

D中的错误比较模糊。个人认为D说most species of animals有问题,原文说的是many species animals。

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--  作者:lawyer_1
--  发布时间:2004-9-20 11:13:00

-- 
to leeon,l“awer又来出题考偶们了”。别这末说,我无意考谁,只是偶尔看到这个题,里面都是SOME,ALL,FEW。是个不错的关于数量范围的好题。所以拿出来,不敢独享。请别误解。
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--  作者:leeon
--  发布时间:2004-9-20 11:21:00

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偶开个玩笑!

这个问题是个很好的问题,上次的那道lsat题也很好。

期待lawer版版更多好题,大家才会讨论的热火朝天。

btw,lawer版版的那个icon好像是山峰老大的。

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--  作者:流沙
--  发布时间:2004-9-20 13:04:00

-- 
喜欢这样的讨论,热火朝天的多热闹呀
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--  作者:pocahontas
--  发布时间:2004-9-20 18:05:00

-- 

我觉得是C。E里面说的有hole和没hole的臭氧层,文中并没有提到,属于无关词,归纳题里面可以严格排除的。

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--  作者:NeTman
--  发布时间:2004-9-21 3:54:00

-- 

谢过lawyer版主的题目先...

想了半天,偶也选E。

什么时候公布答案哪?

急不等了... 
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--  作者:lawyer_1
--  发布时间:2004-9-21 4:28:00

-- 

1. TO LEEON, 如果山峰老大的ICON申请了专利,可要告知

2。我倒认为答案并不重要,重要的为何对,为何错,考试时错了一道,还是高分,明白了对错,却能对一类。不是吗。

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--  作者:xingzhang
--  发布时间:2004-9-21 5:37:00

--  我的思路

不小心点了发表话题,结果放错了地方. 这回应该对了.

我的思路


The importance of the ozone layer to terrestrial animals is that it entirely filters out some wavelengths of light but lets others through. Holes in the ozone layer and the dangers associated with these holes are well documented. However, one danger that has not been given sufficient attention is that these holes could lead to severe eye damage for animals of many species.

Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the statements above, if they are true.

A). All wavelengths of sunlight that can cause eye damage are filtered out by the ozone layer where it is intact. 错的原因:all wavelenths 太绝对。对的原因:原文从it entirely filters out some wavelengths of light but lets others through可以推出好的可以进入,不好的都被过滤了。

B). Few species of animals live on a part of the earth\'s surface that is not threatened by holes in the ozone layer 错,和原文讲的内容不一致。 原文重点在between hole and danger to animal\'s eyes.

C). Some species of animals have eyes that will not suffer any damage when exposed to unfiltered sunlight 错,绝对化 且和原文不一致。

D). A single wavelength of sunlight can cause severe damage to the eyes of most species of animals 原文无此内容

E). Some wavelengths of sunlight that cause eye damage are more likely to reach the earth\'s surface where there are holes in the ozone layer than where there are not  出现了比较,而原文无任何比较。但仔细考虑一下后,觉得和原文在内容上最为一致。

所以,此题在考试时,开始我会在a和e之间徘徊,各有正确的理由,也有不对的理由。

请大家快快执教。

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--  作者:paopao
--  发布时间:2004-9-21 5:59:00

-- 

说说我的想法

The importance of the ozone layer to terrestrial animals is that it entirely filters out some wavelengths of light but lets others through. Holes in the ozone layer and the dangers associated with these holes are well documented. However, one danger that has not been given sufficient attention is that these holes could lead to severe eye damage for animals of many species.

Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the statements above, if they are true.

A). All wavelengths of sunlight that can cause eye damage are filtered out by the ozone layer where it is intact.黄色部分是原文没有的

B). Few species of animals live on a part of the earth\'s surface that is not threatened by holes in the ozone layer原文没讲

C). Some species of animals have eyes that will not suffer any damage when exposed to unfiltered sunlight原文没讲

D). A single wavelength of sunlight 原文没讲can cause severe damage to the eyes of most species of animals原文没有

E). Some wavelengths of sunlight that cause eye damage are more likely to reach the earth\'s surface where there are holes in the ozone layer than where there are not,

A部分光线进入大气 部分光线进不了大气 B黑洞对很多动物的眼睛造成损害

E讲 一些 对眼睛造成损害的光线 通过臭氧洞进入大气

就是A与B的结合

E对


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--  作者:leeon
--  发布时间:2004-9-21 15:55:00

-- 

以下是引用lawyer_1在2004-9-21 4:28:00的发言:
1. TO LEEON, 如果山峰老大的ICON申请了专利,可要告知

2。我倒认为答案并不重要,重要的为何对,为何错,考试时错了一道,还是高分,明白了对错,却能对一类。不是吗。

山峰老大早已归隐山林,估计即使申请了专利也过期作废了!


不过这个ICON挺逗的,我看了一眼就记住了!

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--  作者:流沙
--  发布时间:2004-9-22 9:51:00

-- 

以下是引用leeon在2004-9-21 15:55:00的发言:

 

山峰老大早已归隐山林,估计即使申请了专利也过期作废了!

 

不过这个ICON挺逗的,我看了一眼就记住了!

我今天还看到这个ID挂在cd上呢~~~。估计不怎么说话了

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--  作者:jessie_nj2002
--  发布时间:2004-10-21 12:47:00

-- 

感谢lawyer用心良苦找到好例题给大家讨论!

看题后第一感觉是选E, 可是再看看选项又觉得C也有道理,唉,越看越糊涂了,不过,原文说“these holes could lead to severe eye damage for animals of many species.”    而C). Some species of animals have eyes that will not suffer any damage when exposed to unfiltered sunlight  中any 似乎太绝对 ,如果说有一些动物眼睛不会被这种透过hole 的光严重伤害 或 有一些动物眼睛会被这种透过hole 的光轻微的伤害 这样感觉就合理了。所以,还是选E.

lawyer 快快讲解讲解分析方法吧,期盼中!

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--  作者:ttouch
--  发布时间:2004-10-21 14:03:00

-- 

都一个月过去了,lawyer版主啥时候公布答案呀?

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--  作者:lawyer_1
--  发布时间:2004-10-21 19:18:00

-- 

SORRY,这道题给忘了。大家的答案都对了,是E

 

The importance of the ozone layer to terrestrial animals is that it entirely filters out some wavelengths of light but lets others through. Holes in the ozone layer and the dangers associated with these holes are well documented. However, one danger that has not been given sufficient attention is that these holes could lead to severe eye damage for animals of many species.

 

Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the statements above, if they are true.

 

A). All wavelengths of sunlight that can cause eye damage are filtered out by the ozone layer where it is intact.错的原因:All wavelengths 太strong。原文只知完好的臭氧层滤掉一部分光,让一部分通过,并说通过的那部分对很多动物有害。从这点很容易误认有害的都给滤掉了。其实原文没说是否那通过的一部分是否含有有害波长。所以错。

 

B). Few species of animals live on a part of the earth\'s surface that is not threatened by holes in the ozone layer错的原因:原文只说有HOLE可能会使很多动物受伤害,从这点也许可以推出有动物生活在受HOLE威胁的地方,但原文没说有没有动物生活在不受HOLE威胁的地方,故错。

 

C). Some species of animals have eyes that will not suffer any damage when exposed to unfiltered sunlight错的原因:有些人容易选这个,因为原文最后一句话说HOLE会伤害很多动物的眼睛,就是说很多动物的眼睛会受伤害,既然有很多的眼睛受伤害,就有不受伤害的。错。关键是理解原文最后一句话的many。其实相当于some ,表达的是有的概念,就是可以是1-100。相对或取非的概念为NONE。就是说它们可以包括全部100。所以有可能全部动物眼睛都会受HOLE伤害。即C可能对,也可能不对,不是MUST BE TRUE。故错。

 

D). A single wavelength of sunlight can cause severe damage to the eyes of most species of animals错的原因:也是容易选错,因为原文的最后一句话加上中文对MANY和 MOST(都是很多)的理解。其实MOST(多数)是指51-100。MANY指1-100。所以不能从MANY推出MOST,从MOST倒可以推出MANY。即原文用MOST,D选项用MANY,则为答案。

 

E). Some wavelengths of sunlight that cause eye damage are more likely to reach the earth\'s surface where there are holes in the ozone layer than where there are not,  从原文最后两句话可知完好的臭氧层滤掉了部分有害的光线,则说明有洞时,有害的光线更易到达地球。故对。

 

最后强调一点该问题虽然是MOST STRONGLY SUPPORTED,但不会出现两个能从原文MUST BE得出的答案,因为该题归为MUST BE TRUE题型,当然不存在支持的程度问题。

 

 


[此贴子已经被作者于2005-2-22 10:12:55编辑过]
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--  作者:lawyer_1
--  发布时间:2004-10-21 19:25:00

-- 

常见范围词的差别:

 

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-2-16 11:55:58编辑过]
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--  作者:jessie_nj2002
--  发布时间:2004-10-22 3:55:00

-- 
强烈感谢lawyer 详尽的解答,祝你考出超牛成绩!!!
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--  作者:buddyk
--  发布时间:2004-10-22 21:14:00

-- 
好文!
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--  作者:bose0008
--  发布时间:2004-10-22 23:07:00

-- 

thanks lawyer!! very good question about all/most/some/any, do you have more good sample practice questions?

I think there is another key element that A is wrong: (according to lawyer\'s comment, which I totally agree: to focus on the specific information in the conclusion) 

the conclusion: "However, one danger that has not been given sufficient attention is that these holes could lead to severe eye damage for animals of many species". But answer A says \'...by the ozone layer where it is intact\'. It does not say how the damaging wavelengths of sunlight perform through the ozone layer where it is NOT intact (the holes). This info is explicitly explained and well worded in answer E.
personal opinion.
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--  作者:lip00ff2002
--  发布时间:2004-10-23 9:20:00

-- 

very good explanation

 

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-10-23 9:23:08编辑过]
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--  作者:lifelover
--  发布时间:2004-10-24 10:05:00

-- 

侥幸对了,不过我只考虑到了most 的情况,可是lawyer 斑竹考虑的就是all的情况, 这就是差距啊。谢谢

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--  作者:ttouch
--  发布时间:2004-10-24 23:15:00

-- 

谢谢lawyer这么详尽的解释!

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--  作者:entia
--  发布时间:2004-11-28 22:36:00

-- 

我的一点点拙见:


The importance of the ozone layer to terrestrial animals is that it entirely filters out some wavelengths of light but lets others through. Holes in the ozone layer and the dangers associated with these holes are well documented. However, one danger that has not been given sufficient attention is that these holes could lead to severe eye damage for animals of many species.

Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the statements above, if they are true.

A). All wavelengths of sunlight that can cause eye damage are filtered out by the ozone layer where it is intact.错的原因:All wavelengths 太strong。原文只知完好的臭氧层滤掉一部分光,让一部分通过,并说通过的那部分对很多动物有害。从这点很容易误认有害的都给滤掉了。其实原文没说是否那通过的一部分是否含有有害波长。所以错。

原文问:is most strongly supported by the statements above,如果问哪个选项support 结论。A应该是个好选项。非常strong!但是因为是被原文支持,选项不能超越原文提供的范围:some wavelengths 不能推出all wavelengths,所以A错了。

B). Few species of animals live on a part of the earth\'s surface that is not threatened by holes in the ozone layer错的原因:原文只说有HOLE可能会使很多动物受伤害,从这点也许可以推出有动物生活在受HOLE威胁的地方,但原文没说有没有动物生活在不受HOLE威胁的地方,故错。

C). Some species of animals have eyes that will not suffer any damage when exposed to unfiltered sunlight错的原因:有些人容易选这个,因为原文最后一句话说HOLE会伤害很多动物的眼睛,就是说很多动物的眼睛会受伤害,既然有很多的眼睛受伤害,就有不受伤害的。错。关键是理解原文最后一句话的many。其实相当于some ,表达的是有的概念,就是可以是1-100。相对或取非的概念为NONE。就是说它们可以包括全部100。所以有可能全部动物眼睛都会受HOLE伤害。即C可能对,也可能不对,不是MUST BE TRUE。故错。

我觉得这里不是some的原因,而是全文说could lead to severe eye damage for animals of many species.,由于是答案被原文支持,所以答案一定不能超越原文的界限,因为原文为严重伤害很多种类的眼睛,我们只能得到 :有些种类的眼睛没有被严重的伤害 可以做绝对正确的推论,但是说有些种类的眼睛根本没有被伤害 就不能是mustberight的选项了。所以该选项不能成为正确选项。

D). A single wavelength of sunlight can cause severe damage to the eyes of most species of animals错的原因:也是容易选错,因为原文的最后一句话加上中文对MANY和 MOST(都是很多)的理解。其实MOST(多数)是指51-100。MANY指1-100。所以不能从MANY推出MOST,从MOST倒可以推出MANY。即原文用MOST,D选项用MANY,则为答案。

E). Some wavelengths of sunlight that cause eye damage are more likely to reach the earth\'s surface where there are holes in the ozone layer than where there are not,  从原文最后两句话可知完好的臭氧层滤掉了部分有害的光线,则说明有洞时,有害的光线更易到达地球。故对。

最后强调一点该问题虽然是MOST STRONGLY SUPPORTED,但不会出现两个能从原文MUST BE得出的答案,因为该题归为MUST BE TRUE题型,当然不存在支持的程度问题。 

经典的经典之言。

 

 

仅供大家参考。

 
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--  作者:lawyer_1
--  发布时间:2004-11-29 4:17:00

-- 

看完你的红色强调,我眼睛至少近视程度深了50度。

1。原文是一些事实的陈述,没有结论,所以出不了WEAKEN题。也不存在A为答案的问题。

2。严重伤害很多(many)种类的眼睛,推不出,有些种类眼睛没受严重伤害。因为many在逻辑上等同于some。包括100。有可能所有种类眼睛都被伤害了。

3。严重伤害很多种类的眼睛。一定能推出,伤害很多种类的眼睛。因为严重伤害是伤害的一种。

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--  作者:entia
--  发布时间:2004-11-29 18:09:00

-- 


因为many在逻辑上等同于some。包括100。

 

包括您在前面指出的some的范围和 其实MOST(多数)是指51-100。MANY指1-100

来源在哪里?。您肯定么?

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--  作者:lawyer_1
--  发布时间:2004-11-30 7:36:00

-- 

没考证过,国外的书这麽说,我也这麽理解去答题,到目前还没有碰到反例,你如果发现反例,请告诉我。

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--  作者:wendygxl
--  发布时间:2004-11-30 22:39:00

-- 
e

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原文引自:
https://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=24&id=69723

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