9. Health Care Management
What do health care managers do?
Health care managers play essential roles in keeping the business of health care running smoothly. They plan, direct, coordinate and supervise the delivery of health care.
In large facilities, health care managers may work with several assistant administrators to direct activities in specific clinical departments such as nursing, surgery or therapy. These managers may have more specific responsibilities and training or experience in a clinical area. They establish and implement policies, objectives and procedures for their departments; evaluate personnel and work; develop reports and budgets and coordinate activities with other managers.
Some health care managers may oversee the activities of a number of facilities in health systems. Such systems may include both inpatient and outpatient facilities and offer a wide range of patient services.
Managers in smaller facilities may handle more of the details of daily operations - personnel, finance, facility operations and resident care. In group practices, a health care manager may work closely with physicians and advise on business strategies and coordinate day-to-day business. The responsibilities of managers in managed care settings may extend to areas of community outreach and preventative care.
What degree options are available in health care managment?
Undergraduates can earn a bachelor’s in health care management. Graduate students can earn a master’s degree in health care management or an MBA with a concentration in health care management.
What''s the difference between a master''s in health care management and an MBA with a health care management concentration?
The basic difference between these two options is that the master’s degree is highly specialized and will allow you to focus almost exclusively on health care management. In contrast, an MBA program is designed to develop a general set of management skills in a variety of areas while you learn about health care management practices through specialized elective courses.
There are advantages to each: a master’s program will enable you to delve into health care management issues in greater depth; an MBA program will allow you to spend your first year developing a set of skills that can be transferred to other areas and your second year specializing in health care management.
While both a master’s degree and an MBA concentration will prepare you to hold management positions, master’s programs are designed to help you become a leader in the specific field. In contrast, an MBA degree may also qualify you to hold management positions in other fields, should you become interested in a different career.
What will I study?
An MBA with a health care management concentration generally consists of core courses in management fundamentals during the first year and a selection of elective courses specific to health care during the second year. Core courses may include accounting, economics, finance, information systems, marketing, operations management, organizational behavior, quantitative methods and strategic planning. The concentration may include courses that apply the general management knowledge to the context of health care systems – for example, health economics, health care finance, health care marketing – as well as explore areas such as the legal aspects of health care management, managed health care, long-term care administration, health care reform and epidemiology for managers.
What career paths do health care management graduates follow?
Graduates in health care management pursue executive positions in a wide variety of health care organizations. Positions range from associate manager to assistant director to chief administrator in organizations such as hospitals, HMOs, health insurance and pharmaceutical companies in the private sector to health departments, academic medical centers, mental health agencies, regulatory agencies and various community-based agencies in the public sector. Graduates are also finding opportunities in long-term care - in nursing homes, home-health care, secondary or sub-acute care, senior and retirement centers, as well as various other agencies which care for chronically ill individuals.
What''s the overall career outlook for health care management?
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment in the field of health care management is expected to grow faster than average through 2010 as the health services industry expands and diversifies. Opportunities should be especially good in home health care, long-term care and non-traditional health organizations such as managed care operations and consulting firms.
Hospitals will continue to employ the most managers, but jobs will become increasingly competitive as hospitals consolidate, centralize and diversify functions. Employment is expected to grow the fastest in residential care facilities and practitioners’ offices and clinics as services previously provided in hospitals shift more to those sectors. Demand in medical group practice management is also expected to grow as those practices become larger and more complex. Opportunities will also come from health care management companies who provide services to hospitals and other organizations, as well as specific departments such as emergency, information management systems, managed care contract negotiations and physician recruiting.
Ultimately, managers with strong business and management skills acquired through a master’s program as well as work experience in the health care field – particularly specialized experience - will have the best opportunities
10. Management Information Systems
What do management information systems professionals do?
Management Information Systems focuses on designing computer systems to help people and organizations function more effectively. Computer and information systems managers play a vital role in the technological direction of their organizations because they do everything from constructing the business plan to overseeing network and Internet operations. MIS professionals not only apply their broad knowledge of information technologies and business issues, but their vision of where technology can take organizations.
What degree options are available in MIS?
Undergraduates can earn a bachelor¹s degree in or take information systems or information technology classes as part of a business degree. MBA students can choose concentrations in IS/IT, and some schools offer master¹s degrees and PhDs in MIS/IT.
What''s the difference between a master''s in MIS and an MBA with a MIS
concentration?
While both an MBA with a focus on information systems/technology and a Master of Information Systems degree will prepare you to assume managerial positions within the field of MIS, the MBA degree will provide you with more general skills that are transferable to other areas. The master''s will provide you with greater information systems expertise, but fewer transferable skills. The MBA degree''s broad curriculum also helps MIS professionals with client management and other strategic issues in performing their jobs, especially in management advisory services.
What will I study?
The MIS profession is inherently interdisciplinary, requiring aspects of computer science, cognitive science, psychology and sociology, economics, business, law, library/information studies, and communications. Students in MBA programs with an emphasis on MIS will most likely study everything from computer science/programming, program design and data structures, database management, microeconomics, human resources management, finance, managerial accounting, policy, calculus, statistics and management science.
What skills are necessary to work in the information systems field?
Information systems managers need a broad range of skills-- a keen understanding of people, processes, and customer''s needs. In addition to technical skills, employers need managers with strong business savvy. Most importantly, MIS professionals should possess excellent communication skills and enjoy working with people - talking about projects and solving problems in teams. They should also be able to:
understand how to organize information analyze user information needs
design or evaluate information systems that allow for efficient and effective user interaction
provide and assure the quality and value of information to decision makers
understand the economic and social environment in which their organization functions
be familiar with relevant issues in law, economics, ethics, and management
What is a typical career path for an MIS-MBA graduate?
The typical career path within the IS field begins as a Systems Analyst or a Systems Consultant leading to the Chief Information Officer (CIO) or Chief Technology Officer (CTO) positions. An IS or IT professional may have large number of MIS job titles and positions during his/her career such as: Systems Analyst, Database Administrator, Computer Systems Auditor, Information Systems Manager, Computer and Software Marketing Manager, Office Automation Specialist, Computer Consultant, and Network Administrator.
What''s the overall career outlook for MIS?
According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, career opportunities for MIS professionals are expanding rapidly and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future due to the growth of the e-commerce and telecommunications industries. Opportunities for obtaining a management position will be best for workers possessing an MBA with technology as a core component, advanced technical knowledge, and strong communication and administrative skills.
****** Half International Consulting, found that the average starting salaries in 2001 for high-level information technology managers ranged from $92,250 to $152,500. A 2001 survey by the National Association of Colleges and Employers, stated that starting salary offers for those with an MBA, a technical undergraduate degree, and 1 year or less of experience averaged $61,196; for those with a master''s degree in management information systems/business data processing, $57,225.
11. Operations Management
What do operations managers do?
Operations managers plan, direct, or coordinate the operations of a company or an organization. They decide how a company''s facilities should be laid out, formulate policies, control inventory and distribution, and create employee schedules, among other duties. In some organizations, the duties of an operations manager may overlap the duties of chief executive officer.
What degree options are available in operations managment?
Undergraduates can earn a bachelor¹s degree in operations management or take courses in operations management as part of a business degree. MBA students can choose a concentration in operations management, and some schools offer master¹s degrees and PhDs in operations management.
What¹s the difference between a Master of Operations Management and an MBA with an operations management concentration?
While both an MBA with a focus on management and a Master of Operations Management degree will prepare you to assume managerial positions within the business world, the MBA degree will provide you with more general skills that are transferable to other areas. The master''s in operations management will provide you with greater management expertise, but with fewer transferable skills. The MBA degree''s broad curriculum also helps operations managers integrate the different functions within a company.
What will I study?
Students in MBA programs with an emphasis on operations management will most likely study everything from information systems, administrative theory, supply chain management, microeconomics, human resources management, finance, managerial accounting, policy, calculus, statistics, project management, and management science.
What skills are necessary to work in the field of operations management?
Operations managers need a broad range of skills-- a keen understanding of people and processes. Most importantly, operations managers should enjoy working with people - talking about projects and solving problems in teams. They should also possess:
Strong leadership ability
Strong analytical and problem-solving skills
Strong interpersonal communication skills
What is a typical career path for an Operations Management-MBA graduate?
Entry-level titles include operations manager, operations consultant, manager of business process improvement and project manager. Operations management specialists typically begin their careers in areas such as quality management, production control, service delivery management and logistics. Such specialists have opportunities to work in cross-functional teams involved in process reengineering, strategy development, product design, and technology planning.
What''s the overall career outlook for operations management?
Operations management is a growing and rapidly evolving area of employment being shaped by international competition. If resources, including people, money, machinery, facilities, material and information, are to be used wisely, operations management personnel must be familiar with computer technology, quantitative methods, and planning and problem-solving techniques useful in analyzing business systems. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, projected employment growth for top level operations managers varies by industry, however, keen competition is expected for these positions because the prestige and high pay attract a large number of qualified applicants.
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