思上的单数形式;意思上的单数形式仅仅限于学科等专有名词。 Each与后面的their是不搭的;  Verb Tense 动词时态 不可以无根据的改变原句的时态。不同时态的动词是可以并列的,只要有足够的逻辑顺序。 进行时的禁用情形:Progressive tense
a. 在表示定义或一般性定理的时候,用一般现在时,不要用现在进行时。Lam's radiation is the light that particles are emitting they're traveling faster than the effective light. 这里改成emits 和 travels.
b. 不要用现在进行时表示即将发生的事情,这一点与以前学的不一样,要特别记忆。Tom is meeting me tomorrow. 这里要改成will meet
c. Know & Signify 不可以用现在进行时 Present perfect tense 现在完成时,表明过去的动作或动作的效果一直持续到现在,如果不在持续到现在,则必须要用一般过去时.
a. The child has drawn a square in the sand。这是正确的,因为square还存在,但是如果后面加一句but the Ocean has erased it. 就不对了。We lived in the house for 3 years 与 We have lived in the house for 3 years的语义是不同的
b. 时间状语如果既包括过去,也包括现在,则要用现在完成时,比如since, within, during, in, over + the last/past 5 years. 但是如果只包括某个时间点,则不能使用,如in 2006. Originally 也是过去时的标志。
c. 状语从句when表示at the same time 或者after两个意思,为了使表达意思更明确,可以用现在完成时表明after的意思She will pay you when you have helped her.    Past Perfect Tense过去完成时 只有在你需要强调两个动作先后顺序时采用。 而如By 1945, the US had been at war for several years也是对的。  The possibility/likelihood that…后面要用一般将来时 Common procedure, the most common reasons这些出现common的,一般现在时。 By 1999, 这里要用过去完成时。  不同时态是可以并列的:
As measured by the commerce department, corporate profits peaked in the fourth quarter of 1988 and have slipped since then.      Verb Voice动词语态  主动语态和被动语态都可以的情况下,倾向于主动语态。二者的句子重心与强调的内容是不同的,不要轻易改变原句的句子重心。 除了be动词,get等词不可以引导被动语态,get caught 是错的;  by后面只能跟动作的实施者,而不能跟某种方式或手段,要用through/because of代替。 The pizza was accidentally eaten by a quirk of fate. 这里by 要改成though;  同理,动作的实施者只能用by,不可以用through, because of, according to等。    Verb Mood动词语气
Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气 
Unlike or Unreal conditions 长伴随if, as if, as though引导的条件从句。一般过去时,be动词只能用were.      If... Then...结构
? If Tom eats pizza , then he becomes ill. If Tom eats pizza tomorrow, then he will become ill.两句类似,表示百分百会发生。
? If Tom eats pizza tomorrow, then he may become ill.
? If Tom ate pizza tomorrow, then he would become ill. 作者认为Tom不可能明天吃pizza,所以用了虚拟语气。(好像表达与未来相反,可以用if sb. should do sth, double check)
? If Tom had eaten pizza yesterday, then he would have become ill. 这件事根本没有发生。
? If 后面的从句里不可以出现should 或者 would,这个只能出现在主句里。    Command Subjunctive命令虚拟语气,通常结构是bossy words + that + subjective + do
? That 千万不能省略,且that在动作执行者之前;
? do/be前面不可以加

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