一．GRE阅读文章分类 
1．按题材分四类：humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, life sciences 
重点题材：文学评论 美国历史 弱势群体 生命科学 
文章特点：喜新厌旧 标新立异 同情弱者 
2．按写作方法分两类：presentation, argumentation 重点是argumentation即评述一个理论的文章 
［例1］presentation的结构 
Recently, the extinction of the dinosaur has been a mysterious phenomenon that puzzles  scientists. Rosen’s three major findings have contributed much to the progress of explaining the  dinosaur’s extinction. 
a) sedimentation   
b)fossil remains, skeleton   
c)isotope, chronology Therefore, …… 
［例2］argumentation的结构 
Traditionally, most scientists believed that the extinction of the dinosaur was caused  by the impact on Earth of massive meteorites. However, no sign of the impact, such as huge pit, has been discovered. On the other  hand, Smith found two things that had been overlooked by his predecessors. Thus, …… 
3．按具体套路分类 
长文章分四种：新老观点对比型、现象解释型、问题解决型、结论解释性 
短文章分三种情况：可套用长文章套路的、有罗嗦语言的、无明显套路的 
二．作题四原则 
1．至少三遍原则 
2．头脑空白原则 
3．顺序原则：先文后题，先套路后细节 
4．总结原则：每读完一个段落或一个层次要做如下四个方面总结 
① 作者在写法上做了什么工作 
② 主体词（关键词）是什么 
③ 作者对这个主体持什么评价 
④ 人物有谁 
三．做笔记 
1．机考做笔记 
① 主题句 
② 每段关键词 
③ 强对比和重要的强转折 
2．笔考做记号 
① 强对比：unlike, contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary; 时间状语 
② 强转折 
① 两个“虽然”：although/though, while 
① 三个“但是”：but, yet, however 
① 四对同义词：(in fact, actually) (nevertheless, nonetheless) (despite, in spite of) (rather, instead) 
实际上……    然而……  尽管……却……  不是……而是…… 
注意：极端转折、多重转折（再多重转折中，只看最后一重） 
③ 强因果四个“因为”：because (of), since, for, 冒号或分号三个“所以”：thus, hence, therefore 
两个家族：conclude, conclusion, conclusive, consequent(ly), consequence 
四个短语：result in, result from, lead to, lie in 
④ 三号：引号，括号，破折号 
⑤ 强调性语言 
最高级：顺序最高级（first）频率最高级（always, never）程度最高级（foremost, uttermost） 
唯一性：only, sole(ly), exclusive(ly), alone
比较句：more/less…than（与其……不如说……）, have…to do with…, as…as, the same as,  similar to 
⑥ 专有名词：人，物种，化学物质 
⑦ 判断句 
系动词：be, remain 
情态动词：can, cannot, may, might 
自由褒贬词：adj., adv. 
［例3］His view changed our attitude. 
His view successfully changed our attitude. 
His view curiously changed our attitude. 
His brazen view changed our attitude. 
His penetrating view changed our attitude. 
专题一 客观题型 
(一) 基本题型 
1．直接事实题 
同义变换的两种形式：换同义词，换句型 
［例4］The historians have broadened the conventional view of nineteenth-century  feminism. 
→ The historians have expanded the traditional view of n