序: 

复习语法一段时日, 并没有想象中的如渐佳境. 当建立起主谓一致, 逻辑统一, 平行对称……这些简单的概念之后, 面对代词指代这样的问题却越来越胆怯. 似乎进入了一个平台期-----做题越多却不见长进, 甚至越困惑.








Ford424在版里掀起了定语从句终级大讨论, 于是风云四起, 开始了不下一个星期的舌战. 感谢ford424让我不得不面对这个一直在回避的问题，令我意识到自己建立起来的思维体系在ETS面前是多么的不堪一击, 也感谢Aquarius死缠烂打的努力.








硬着头皮解决一直以来的疑惑, 疯狂搜索以前的帖子. 发现前辈早有类似的讨论, 且水平之高, 见地之深足以著书立说! 也许在你看来只不过是又一个性情中人的褒扬之词, 但我在键盘上敲打这些文字的时候真可谓念天地之悠悠, 独怆然而泣下……本该接着看书, 却百感交集, 不把这些智慧火花写出来与大家分享, 枉费先闲基业! 遂成此文.








正文: 


熟读OG不难发现ETS对代词指代的规律也没有定论.







  有时指代中心词 

OG119. Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of more than $100 billion a year.
(A) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of
(B) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business
(C) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already with business costs of
(D) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costing business（B）
(E) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costs business


  有时就近指代 

OG1.    The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce occurring when a child.
(A) occurring when a child
(B) occurring when children
(C) that occurred when a child
(D) that occurred when they were children (D)
(E) that has occurred as each was a child


  有时按逻辑意思指代 

OG 114.  From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.
(A) baggage so light
(B) baggage being so light
(C) baggage, yet being so light
(D) baggage, and so light (E)
(E) baggage yet was so light






所以我们在思考的时候不妨运用以下三个方法:





  根据主谓一致 

OG128. New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the costly requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.
(A) requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties
(B) requirements by earlier high-yielding varieties of application of commercial ferti